First-then (Premack principle)

First-then pairs a task your child likes less with something they like more, which comes right after. A first-then board shows this with two pictures or words side by side, such as "First put on shoes, then swing." It helps your child see when they get to do what they like. The idea comes from the Premack principle, which says the chance to do a more likely activity can reward a less likely one. Herrod and colleagues note that earlier reviewers found little proof for how the principle gets applied, though.

A first-then board isn't an if-then deal. The "then" depends only on finishing the "first," not on how your child behaved along the way. If the "then" doesn't come, your child may stop trusting the board.

Start with a task your child usually does willingly, paired with something they really like. Point to each picture as you say it, and keep your words short. Give the "then" right away once the "first" is done. If your child has a hard time during the task, keep helping them finish it, and then still give the "then." Your child can help pick the "then," for example from a choice board, and a board that works well can grow into a longer visual schedule.

• Choosing the "then": Ask your Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) how to pick a "then" that still motivates your child, and how often to check.
• Hard moments: Ask what to do if your child struggles during the "first" task, so you handle it the way the team does.
• Moving past two steps: Ask when your child might be ready for a longer schedule.